The method called successive approximation is the most popular technique used to const ruct AID converters, and. with the exception of flash converters, successive approximation converters are the fastest of those we have discussed. Figure 19-18( a) shows a block diagram pf a 4-bit version. The method is best explained by way of an example. For simplifying purposes, let…

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The simplest type of ND converter employs a binary counter, a voltage comparator, and a D/A converter, as shown in Figure 19-13(a). Recall from Section 15-1 that the output of the voltage comparator is high as long as its v+ input is greater than its v· input. Notice that the analog input is the v+ input to the…

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The newest technology used to construct OfA converters employs weighted capacitors instead of resistors. In this method, charged capacitors form a capacitive voltage divider wh.ise OUlpUI is proportional to the sum of the binary inputs . Asan aid ‘in understanding the method, let us review’ the theory of cupacitivc voltage dividers. Figure 19-9 shows a two-capacitor example. The…

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Figure 19-7 illustrates another approach to digital-to-analog conversion. The operational amplifier is used to produce a weighted slim of the digital inputs, where the weights are proportional to the weights of the bit positions of the inputs. Recall from Chapter 13 that each input is amplified by a factor equal to the ratio of the feedback resistance divided by…

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Analog and Digital Voltages An analog voltage is one that may vary continuously throughou, some range. For example, the output of an audio amplifier is an analog ,. I. ~ ‘f)at may have any valucI of an infinite number of values) between its minimum and maximum voltage limits. Most of the devices and circuitry we have studied in…

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