Acceptor An impurity atom used in the doping process to create a hole in a semiconductor crystal; contains 3 electrons in its outermost valence shell. Annihilation See recombination. Anode The P side of a PN junction diode. Avalanching Large current How through a reverSl,.-~;.:r:~ ~j;, ”’r”’l1 it breaks down: caused by a high electric field imparting high…
It is possible to create a junction having properties similar to those of a PN junction by bonding aluminum (AI) to suitably doped Nstypc silicon! The junction that results is called a metal-semiconductor (MS) junction. Like a PN junction, the MS junction presents a low resistance to current flow when it is forward biased (metal p”~it’yp with respect to…
In the context of electronic circuit theory, the word bias refers to a de volt ge (or current) that is maintained in a device by some externally connected sour: We will discuss the concept of bias and its practical applications in considerable in Chapter 3. For now suffice it to say that a PN junction can be biased…
what a black of P-type material is joined to a block of N-type material. a very useful structure result. The region where join is called a PN junction and is a fundamental component (If many electronic devices transistor’>. The junction is not formed by slmrlV r acing the 0 materials adjacent to each otl er, but rather through a manufactu…
Recall that intrinsic semiconductor material has the same electron density as hole density: n, = p.. In the fabrication of semiconductor materials used in practical applications, this balance between carrier densities is intentionally altered to produce materials in which the number of electrons is greater than the number of holes, or in which the number of holes is greater…
We have mentioned that the source of electrical charge available to establish current in a conductor is the large number of free electrons in the material. Recall that an electron is freed by acquiring energy typically heat energy that liberates it from a parent atom. Electrons are freed in semiconductor materials in the same way but a greater amount…
Virtually all modern electronic devices are constructed from semiconductor material. As the name implies. a semiconductor is neither an electrical insulator (like rubber or plastic) nor a good conductor of electric current (like copper or aluminum). Furthermore the mechanism by which charge flows through a semiconductor cannot be entirely explained by the process known to cause the flow of…
INTRODUCTION Semiconductor devices are the fundamental building blocks from which all types of useful electronic products are constructed-amplifiers high-frequency communications equipment power supplies computers control systems to name only a few. It is possible to learn how these devices-diodes transistors integrated circuits can be connected together to create such useful products with little or no knowledge of the semiconductor theory…
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